Fabrication of cellulose cryogel beads via room temperature dissolution in onium hydroxides

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in green solvents to dissolve and shape cellulose into microspheres. However, development of suitable for room temperature dissolution shaping spheres is very limited. this work, novel process fabricate microspheres presented. First, the effect ethanol-hydrochloric acid pulp pretreatment on solubility aqueous tetra-n‑butyl phosphonium hydroxide ammonium was investigated. While untreated remained limited 5 wt%, boosted 15 wt%. Spherical beads were obtained via dropwise addition solution ethanol. Cryogels with BET surface area 218.1 m²/g collected when using 90 v% tert‑butyl alcohol as freeze-drying medium. After gathering spent ethanol initial washing beads, 90.7% recovered successfully reused prepare subsequent batch beads. The proposed bead preparation system further fits within concept topochemical design could be fabricated from low high concentrations, regardless temperature, therefore offering great opportunities gels different applications such drug delivery systems, protein conjugation or wastewater treatment.